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CATALOG
Scholarships
Undergraduates are eligible for the following funding opportunities for undergraduate study abroad (contact the relevant offices for information about deadlines):
ACTR/ACCELS Grants
Partial funding provided to support language training in Russian and other East European and Central Asian languages on study abroad programs sponsored by ACTR/ACCELS. Contact Inge Herman, Office of International Programs.
Amici Prize
Offsets expenses for undergraduate research in Italian Studies conducted in conjunction with one of Penn's programs for studying in Italy during the summer or academic year. Contact the Center for Italian Studies, 549 Williams Hall.
Association of International Education, Japan
Grants to participate in reciprocal yearlong exchange programs with Japanese universities. Contact Inge Herman, Office of International Programs.
Association of Teachers of Japanese "Bridging Scholarships"
For More Information Click on the Log far right below
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A World without Powers
A World Without Power
By Niall Ferguson
Page 1 of 4
July/August 2004
Critics of U.S. global dominance should pause and consider the alternative. If the United States retreats from its hegemonic role, who would supplant it? Not Europe, not China, not the Muslim world—and certainly not the United Nations. Unfortunately, the alternative to a single superpower is not a multilateral utopia, but the anarchic nightmare of a new Dark Age.
We tend to assume that power, like nature, abhors a vacuum. In the history of world politics, it seems, someone is always the hegemon, or bidding to become it. Today, it is the United States; a century ago, it was the United Kingdom. Before that, it was France, Spain, and so on. The famed 19th-century German historian Leopold von Ranke, doyen of the study of statecraft, portrayed modern European history as an incessant struggle for mastery, in which a balance of power was possible only through recurrent conflict.
The influence of economics on the study of diplomacy only seems to confirm the notion that history is a competition between rival powers. In his bestselling 1987 work, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, Yale University historian Paul Kennedy concluded that, like all past empires, the U.S. and Russian superpowers would inevitably succumb to overstretch. But their place would soon be usurped, Kennedy argued, by the rising powers of China and Japan, both still unencumbered by the dead weight of imperial military commitments.
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JFK Inauguration Speech
"NOW THE TRUMPET SUMMONS US AGAIN . . . TO BEAR THE BURDEN
OF A LONG TWILIGHT STRUGGLE . . . AGAINST THE COMMON ENEMIES
OF MAN-- TYRANNY, POVERTY, DISEASE, AND WAR ITSELF":
Inaugural Address of the President (Kennedy), January 20, 1961*
VICE PRESIDENT JOHNSON, MR. SPEAKER, MR. CHIEF JUSTICE,
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER, VICE PRESIDENT NIXON, PRESIDENT TRUMAN,
REVEREND CLERGY, FELLOW CITIZENS:
We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of
freedom--symbolizing an end as well as a beginning--signifying
renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and
Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed
nearly a century and three quarters ago.
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